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1961 Major League Baseball expansion
The 1961 Major League Baseball expansion was the formation of two new Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises that started in time for the 1961 season. The Los Angeles Angels and Washington Senators were added to the American League (AL), becoming the 17th and 18th teams in MLB's two leagues. The expansion was part of an initiative that resulted in the addition of four clubs to MLB, in response to the threat of a proposed third major league, the Continental League. The expansion franchise in Los Angeles became the second MLB team in the city, while the Senators replaced a previous franchise of the same name that had been relocated.
==Background==
For a 50-year period from 1903 to 1952, MLB's 16-team (split into the American and National Leagues (NL)) structure remained intact. No franchises were relocated during this period, and five markets—Boston, Chicago, New York City, Philadelphia, and St. Louis—had two or more teams. According to authors Andy McCue and Eric Thompson, "The less financially successful clubs in two-team cities were finding it increasingly difficult to compete" by the early 1950s. In addition, population changes in the United States were leading to many citizens moving away from the Northeast, where many MLB teams were based, to southern and western locations.〔
From 1953 to 1955, three franchises were relocated, all of which had been in markets with two or more teams. Prior to the 1958 season, the two New York City teams in the NL—the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants, moved westward; the Dodgers relocated to Los Angeles, while San Francisco became the new home of the Giants.〔 New York City sought a replacement NL franchise, and by December 1958 MLB had created an Expansion Committee.〔 Despite the formation of the group, MLB displayed little intention of adding a New York team.〔Longley, p. 50.〕
The relocation of the Dodgers and Giants led to a proposal for a third major league: the Continental League, which would have started by 1961 with franchises in markets MLB had previously ignored. In addition, MLB was facing pressure from the U.S. Congress, which indicated that efforts to prevent future expansion would arouse interest in weakening the sport's exemption from antitrust laws. Congress voted on a bill aimed at repealing the exemption, but it failed to pass. However, MLB moved to expand after a rival league became a possibility.〔 The threat posed by the Continental League ended in August 1960, when the NL proposed expanding to include four of the new organization's clubs. The AL then became interested in the idea of expansion. Expansion Committee chairman Del Webb initially backed the addition of a Houston-based franchise, but the NL spoiled the idea when it announced the addition of teams in that city and New York for 1962.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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